Syntax representation could be considered as the most important phase in developing an NLP system. Most of the GRAMMARs used in these systems are phrase structure ones that try to analyze the sentence by decomposing it into sub constituents. There are alternatives to this approach and link GRAMMAR as one of them is based on the words instead of constituents, hence called lexical GRAMMAR. We are going to assess their ability for Farsi. We do this by starting from the basic relations in Farsi and adding relations to them one by one to give a set of rules for trivial patterns. In each step, link GRAMMAR parser on an appropriate test suit tests the validity of the rules.

Undoubtedly the holy Quran is a unique book in Arabic language, eloquently and rhetorically. Its words are a pure collection of Arabic literature. All poets, jurisprudents and philosophers believe it as a master art. It is a permanent treasure of Arabic and for it many sciences have been generated. It kept the Arabic language active and dynamic during ups and downs of the history. It also contains local Arabic accents which it shows the trustiness of its phonetic and structure.In this article is studied an explanation of grammatical meaning, understanding the differences between speech patterns, finding out grammatical meanings in speech patterns, and their differences in briefness, Redundancy, transparency and Ambiguity. If the GRAMMAR gets excluded of its meaning it would make it dead and prosaic.It study Arabic GRAMMAR based on the holy Quran. Thus we are going to study different grammatical patterns which it would lead to different meanings. We believe that although the statements and meanings used in Quran mention a grammatical pattern, it wouldn’t be so in Arabic poems and texts. In Quranit is not going to introduce grammatical patterns, it was the cause and source of establishment of the science of GRAMMAR. So Quran is the base of GRAMMAR. This article focuses on the books such as “Ma’ani alnahv” by Fazel Al-samaraee , “nahv alQuran” by Abd alsattar Javari and “Men vahy alQuran” by Ebrahim samaraee which are written for the GRAMMAR of the Quran.

The dependency GRAMMAR is one of the GRAMMAR formalisms that is originated according to the dependency relations of lexical elements in a sentence. This dependency is based on the valence of the lexicon; therefore, in this formalism the semantic representation of the words as valence is the backbone of the GRAMMAR. The current paper reviews the book entitled “ Persian GRAMMAR based on the Autonomous Theory in Dependency GRAMMAR” according to three major contents. Firstly, the chapters of the book are briefly overviewed. Then, the book’ s content is evaluated and analyzed and the weak and strong points of the book are studied from different perspectives. In this section, some suggestions are provided for the terminology and expressed concepts. Since dependency GRAMMAR does not belong to generative GRAMMAR, a comparison is made between the dependency and phrase structure GRAMMAR formalisms to understand the content better and to ease the mind of the reader with the generative GRAMMAR background about the basic concepts of the dependency GRAMMAR. At the end, suggestions are provided to extend the dependency GRAMMAR in the book.

The expansion of the Persian language in India began in the fifth century A.H. and reached its peak in the Safavid Dynesty when many Persian poets emerged. Since Persian was not the mother tongue of the Indians, they attempted to compose Persian GRAMMAR books. “Johar al-Tarkib” is one of these books which was written by Monshi Siwaram in the thirteenth century A.H. This book is in the form of a poetical work having 830 verses explaining GRAMMAR rules. In this research, it has been tried to closely describe, explain and criticize the work along with its differences with the present Persian GRAMMAR books.Significance of this study is to show how Indians would perceive Persian GRAMMAR. It also demonstrates the impact of Arabic on composing Persian GRAMMAR books in the Subcontinent.

Current tendencies show necessity of expanding our understanding of learner independence and its role in learning and technology. In this study, a quasi-experiment was conducted to determine whether computer assisted GRAMMAR teaching affects students' GRAMMAR learning. For the purpose of homogeneity, the Nelson Test (050A) was administered and fifty male learners from Nemoneh Dolati Noor junior high school in Pakdasht, southeast of Tehran province, were selected from among seventy participants. Before teaching GRAMMAR points, a thirty-item GRAMMAR test was administered as a pre-test to both groups. After the experimental group received GRAMMAR points through power point and control group through chalk and board, both groups were tested again. The results showed that software assisted GRAMMAR teaching had significant advantage over the traditional method. It is possible that the novelty of the exposure method could raise the students' motivation to more participate and focus. In addition, the feeling of independence could result in higher self-esteem and confidence. The findings have implications for material designers, teachers and teacher trainers, and provide suggestions for further research.

Some linguists believe that word in Arabic language was initially based on one syllabus; orators have changed them according to the special countries, tribes and societies. They have contrived special acumen for any prefixes, suffixes and affixes addition. Some other linguists believed that word was initially formed based on three letters, and thus different accents and languages were ramified of that. Arabic can be known as the master of languages because it has lived a long life.It became so strong that barely one can disappear any trace of it. The present article attempts to discover and spread the Arabic GRAMMAR and its formation in this language.

To facilitate the process of teaching and committing lessons to memory, Muslim scholars have benefitted from the considerable effect of rhythm and music of speech and have therefore versified the rules and principles of certain sciences. These versified rules are referred to as “didactic poems“most of which are on Arabic GRAMMAR. They have been quite prevalent amongst Iranians.This article sets to introduce some of the Iranians’ rhymed books of GRAMMAR. Then it explores some classical books such as Jorjani’s Avamel, Zamakhshari’s Mofassal and Ibn al-Hajeb’s Kafiya. The authors of this kind of books have sometimes written their own independent books, for example, on the grammatical rules of Arabic, and sometimes have turned into verse books written by others in prose.